On June 22, 1998 all EU Member States unanimously approved Directive 98/30/EC, the so-called Gas Directive, which paved the way for far-reaching changes in the European gas sector and for the establishment of an internal gas market. Five years have elapsed since it was transposed into national law and although markets have started to open up, their rate of progress varies. The next milestone in achieving a fully competitive European market is July 1, 2007, but there are still many obstacles to overcome.